silver (continued )See also capitalism; commodities, 214–215, 217–219, 223, 228, 266n27, 271n53, 293n18, 307n58

Sima Qian, 23

Single WhipSee also taxation, 9, 104, 271n53

Skinner, G. W., 8, 21, 273n2

Song dynasty, 36, 38, 53, 55, 58, 88, 118, 144, 150, 154, 189, 198, 280n77, 290n48, 299n17, 310n6

Daguan reign, 144

Huizong emperor, 144

Jianyan emperor, 26

Northern Song, 3, 25, 32, 112–113

Southern Song, 26, 33, 113, 188–189

Xiaozong emperorSee also Banhai Zhang, 45, 118

Song LianSee also Fang Xiaoru, 113, 299n14

Songshi, 44, 53

Song-Yuan interregnum, 119

South Zhili. See Nan Zhili

Southeast Asia, 9–10, 12, 23, 28, 68, 263n4

Su Xun, 113, 298n12

Sui dynasty, 24

Sun of Pinghu, 106

supreme commander (zongdu)See also anti-wokou campaign; Hu Zongxian; Zhang Jing; wokou, 16–17, 19, 72, 76–78, 81–82, 84–85, 101, 105, 272n59, 294n35

Suzhou, 21, 25, 27, 30, 34, 41, 46, 67, 91, 272n58, 278n52, 291n1

Szonyi, Michael, 271n52

Taiping Rebellion, 4

Taizhou prefectureSee also Eastern Zhejiang (Zhedong), 29–30, 72–73, 81, 99, 289n40, 290n43

tally trade. See Maritime trade

Tan Lun, 72, 290n43

Tang dynastySee also An Lushan rebellion, 24–25, 52–53, 60–61, 144, 193, 274n16, 276n29

Tang KekuanSee also Pizhou, 76, 100, 291n57

Tang Shu, 70, 286n14, 289n39

Tang Shunzhi, 102–103, 286n14

Tangqi zhenSee also market towns, 33–34

TangzhenSee also market towns, 44–45

tax, types of

excise, 101

haitangfu, 43

jinzihu, 210

land, 14–15, 49–50, 100–101, 150, 192, 210, 214, 228, 255

ma-tou, 211

miscellaneous, ad hoc, levies, 101, 104, 122, 178, 210

net, 101

roof, 15, 101

saltSee also salt, 45, 102, 118, 187, 196, 210–212, 214, 218, 220, 232–233

spring and autumn, 103

water and horse attendant, 159

tax grain, 16, 31, 76, 83, 104, 190–191, 205, 223, 256

taxation, 13, 47, 138, 165, 177–179, 199, 205, 227, 232, 266n27

arrears, 206, 217, 227