aboriginal fightersSee also Baojing Pacification Office; Guangxi province; langbing (wolf soldiers); Miao troops, 17, 76, 80, 82–83, 95–96, 98

agricultureSee also cash crop cultivation, 8, 27–28, 31, 33, 219

farmers, 4, 14, 31, 45, 114, 202

peasants, 14, 206

polders, 27

rice, 21, 23, 27, 52, 57, 81–82, 102, 169, 210–211, 218–219, 260, 313n77

Ahern, Emily, 6

Akiyama Kenzo, 11

An Lushan RebellionSee also Tang dynasty, 25, 274n16

ancestral hall (citang;zongci), 2, 4–6, 15–16, 20, 105–106, 112, 115, 138, 143–144, 151, 153, 156, 181, 239, 263n4

rituals, 144–148, 151–152

rules, 154–155

symbol, 148–149, 179

ancestral halls

Xu of Lingquan, 202, 220–221, 226–227, 233

Zha of Longshan, 168, 170

Zhu of Haichang, 149, 156–164

Zhu of Huayuan, 174–176

Ancestral Injunctions (Huangming zuxun), 65

ancestral sacrifice. See ancestral hall

Anhui provinceSee also Huizhou; Tongcheng; Wuyuan, 21, 25, 79, 111, 122, 154, 220

anti-wokou campaignSee also aboriginal fighters; haijin; Hu Zongxian; Ruan E; supreme commander; Zhang Jing; Zhao Wenhua, 16–19, 77–105, 109, 122, 128, 240, 289n40, 293n18, 294n29

campaign against Wang ZhiSee also Wang Zhi, 90–92

campaign against Xu HaiSee also Xu Hai, 87–90

funding of campaign, 100–105

identification of wokou, 94–95

recruitment of troops, 96–100

anti-yinci movement, 160–161

aristocratic families (shizu), 1, 274n19

AshikagaSee also Japan, 62

Baimao harbor, 41

Banhai Zhang, 44–45, 117–122, 150–151, 299n17

Dongyue temple, 150

genealogySee also Li Yuanhui; Pei Di; Qian Mingxiu; Teng Zhen, 118–121

genealogical chart, 139

history, 44–45, 117–118

and lijia, 121–122

and literati, 121–122