Challenges and Opportunities: The Future of the Internet, Volume 4
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For Tim Berners-Lee
Tim Berners-Lee made the first public proposal for the World Wide Web in 1989, and he brought his plan to reality with the help of Robert Cailliau at CERN, on December 25, 1990, implementing the first successful communication between a hypertext transfer protocol client and server over the Internet. The Web debuted on August 6, 1991 as a publicly available application built for sharing information on the Internet. By 2008, Google engineers estimated that there were one trillion unique URLs on the Web. The rapid rise in use of the Web and the associated explosion of human connections and cooperation online can be attributed to business decisions by Berners-Lee and CERN to require only unidirectional links, make the Web non-proprietary (allowing the development of independent servers and clients and extensions with no license restrictions) and make it free to the public, with no fees charged for use. Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium in 1994 and continues to develop it as an international standards organization for the Web. He continues to work to improve the Web as a public utility to promote enhanced cooperation and share knowledge, founding the Web Science Trust and the World Wide Web Foundation and developing the Semantic Web and promoting the generation of Linked Data.