Allen, Senator James, 119, 134

Baker v. Carr (1962), 142

Beth, Richard, xvi, 11–12, 15, 21–28, 31, 87–88, 140, 143, 179n3

Boxer, Senator Barbara, 56, 140

Burdette, Franklin, 20–22, 31, 42

Byrd, Senator Harry F., 52

Byrd, Senator Robert, 18, 36–37, 118–119, 123, 134, 148

Calhoun, Senator John C., 42

civil rights, 2, 4, 13, 47, 52–55, 120–121, 125, 137

Civil Rights Act of 1957, 2, 13, 137

cloture, 14, 18, 23–25, 31–32, 36, 40–41, 46, 49–51, 53–55, 58–59, 61–69, 82, 105–108, 111–114, 122, 124, 138–139, 141, 143–146, 148

Congress. See House of Representatives; Senate

congressional procedure

Article I, Section 5, 17, 139, 142

congressional scorecards, 85

Conkling, Senator Roscoe, 48

constituents (as influences on filibustering), 4–6, 82, 84–85, 88–90

Constitution of the United States, 9–10, 15–18, 39, 75, 101, 113, 138–139, 141–143

Craig, Senator Larry, 123

D’Amato, Senator Alfonse, 2

Daschle, Senator Thomas, 24, 118–119, 134

Decker, Joseph, 71, 180n16

direct popular election of senatorsSee also Seventeenth Amendment, 101–102, 105

divided government (as explanation for filibustering), 7, 78–79, 89–91, 103, 105–106, 116, 132–133, 146

Dirksen, Senator Everett, 53

Dole, Senator Robert, 118–119, 134

Dorgan, Senator Byron, 35, 179n4, 179n6

Durbin, Senator Richard, 123

DW-NOMINATE Scores, 91, 118–121, 123

Eastland, Senator James, 52

Ensign, Senator John, 123

Ervin, Senator Sam, 119, 134

Estrada, Miguel, 59, 95

Family and Medical Leave Act, 20

Federalist Paper #62, 18

Federalist Society, 95, 180n17

Feinstein, Senator Dianne, 56, 123, 140

filibuster

anti-majoritarian aspects, 5, 15, 96

by time period

first filibuster period (1917–1936), 49–51