Figure 1.1. Senate filibusters by decade.

30

Figure 2.1. Filibusters as a percentage of total
roll call votes in the Senate.

61

Figure 2.2. Number of filibusters compared with
other legislative workload measures,
101st–110th Congresses.

63

Figure 2.3. Cloture votes in the Senate,
101st–110th Congresses.

65

Figure 2.4. Cloture votes as a proportion of roll call
votes in the Senate, 101st–110th Congresses.

66

Figure 2.5. Filibusters as a proportion of cloture votes,
101st–110th Congresses.

67

Figure 2.6. Signature page from the “Gang of 14”
memorandum.

70

Figure 3.1. Average years of service, United States
senators, 1789–2008.

76