Brazil, 3–5, 10–11, 17, 25, 133, 153, 161–165, 169–185, 187–190, 196–197, 199, 203–209, 211–212, 214–215, 219–223, 227–228, 231–234, 236, 239–242, 246–251, 253–255, 258, 260, 261n1, 261n2, 268n54, 269n59, 292

Brazilians, 5, 171–172, 175–176, 187, 251, 254–255, 254–255

Britain, 72, 80, 84, 91–92, 136, 139, 162, 173–174, 180–181, 185–186, 197n47, 206, 277, 329, 327, 335

Cabinda, 152, 249

Caconda, 241, 252–253, 256

Candomblé, 203–205, 212, 215, 227–228, 233n23, 241

capital punishment, 10, 162–163, 169, 171–173, 175, 180–181, 183, 185–187, 189–191, 198n56, 199n72

Card, James, 21–22, 30, 39

Casa Branca, 10, 204–205, 208, 210–215, 219, 226–227, 229–230

Ceddo, 13, 362, 376–381, 384, 387n37

Charleston, 35, 49–65, 69n67, 139

chattel principle, 23, 147, 364, 378

Christianity, 73, 86–87, 94–95, 157n44, 289, 292, 354n2, 370

circum-Caribbean, 7, 21–22, 24

Civil War (US), 136, 162, 169, 184, 190, 311, 318, 320–321, 344–345, 367, 369

coastal trade, 29, 35, 276, 276

Cockpit Country, 72, 76, 78

The Colored American, 322, 332–333

Commutation, 175

Congo, 9, 110, 115, 119, 126, 128–129, 268, 318

Congo River, 124

Creole, 4, 10, 112, 114–115, 119, 124n9, 128n37, 129n40, 208–211, 215, 217–221, 278–280, 291, 302n47, 364

Creolization, 5, 10–11, 28, 275, 279–280

crime, 27, 57–58, 91, 142, 163–164, 167–168, 170–174, 176–182, 184–186, 190–191, 192n5, 198n56, 209, 252–253, 267n41, 270n67

Cuba, 12, 26, 42, 50, 133–134, 150, 152, 153n8, 181–182, 187, 190, 293, 311–313, 318

Dash, Julie, 13, 359, 362–365, 367–368, 370, 381, 383–384n6

Daughters of the Dust (DD), 13, 359, 362–363, 383

death penalty, 10, 162–163, 166–174, 176, 178, 180–183, 185–186, 189–191, 192n5, 195n35

deportation, 8, 71–73, 75, 82, 117, 222

Dom Pedro II, 163, 169, 172, 175, 185, 188, 191

Saint Domingue, 40, 72, 80–81

Douglass, Frederick, 136–137, 142, 152, 155n28, 156n35, 177, 335, 338

Ethnicity, 248, 274–275

Europe, 1–3, 6, 13, 29, 72, 75, 129, 148, 175, 189, 285, 312

Europeans, 3, 5, 11, 106, 188, 275, 277–278, 280–284, 287, 296, 297n5, 298n17, 299n21, 301n33