Figure 1. Felicidade (Majebassá), mother of Martiniano
do Bonfim, toward the end of her life.

207

Figure 2. African freedmen in the port of Bahia
on board the Cecília in 1909, waiting
to embark for Africa. Lorenzo Turner
obtained this picture in Bahia, probably
from Martiniano do Bonfim.

216

Figure 3. Winslow Homer, The Gulf Stream,1899.

308

Figure 4. “The Slave Deck of the Bark ‘Wildfire,’
Brought into Key West on April 30, 1860,”
Harper’s Weekly, June 2, 1860.

317

Figure 5. William O. Jube, “Contrabands Escaping
to the United States Bark ‘Kingfisher,’
off the Coast of Florida,” Harper’s
Weekly, July 12, 1862.

319

Figure 6. “Britannia Giving Freedom to Her Slaves,”
The Colored American, May 1840.

332

Figure 7. Sceau de la Société des Amis des Noirs, 1788.

336

Figure 8. N. E. Nourin, Portrait de Toussaint
L’Ouverture.

339