September 11 2001 (9/11), xvii–viii, 4, 8, 70–71, 73, 76, 105, 112, 116, 129–130, 135–136, 150, 156–158, 166, 173, 181, 182–182, 184–185, 190n3, 199, 209, 271, 275, 277, 279, 284, 334, 355, 359, 362, 381–382, 395, 418, 421, 474, 575, 578, 582

9/11 Commission, 280

shadow–banking system, 228, 239, 244–245

Shamrock Summit, 100, 351

slavery, 316, 557

social conservatism, 453

societal security vs. physical security, 72–73

soft power, 18, 89–119, 510

Softwood lumber, 5, 9, 29, 104, 151, 199, 207, 209, 277, 286–287, 420, 492

Softwood Lumber Agreement, 209, 287

special relationship, 6, 58, 60–62, 167, 197, 202, 342–344, 346–348, 350–351, 353–354, 361, 363–365, 366n2, 366n6, 413, 524

Stead, William, 321

St. Laurent, Louis, 136, 347–348

St. Lawrence Seaway, 136, 142–143, 347–348

terrorism xvii, 35, 71, 74, 76, 78–81, 105, 107, 129, 157, 166, 271–272, 277, 355, 359, 426, 429, 451, 465n13

Axis of Evil, 356

counterterrorism, 70, 166, 166, 429

home-grown terrorism, 76, 78–79, 272

terrorism (continued)

Islamic terrorism, 73–74, 78, 359

War on Terror, 75, 106–107, 161, 166, 334, 355–356, 419, 451, 474

think tanks, 133, 186

third option, 63, 128, 429, 544

Trudeau, Pierre, 43, 97, 100, 118, 155, 162, 175, 198, 333, 350–351, 377, 407–408, 413–416, 420, 424, 447, 472, 476, 483, 543–544

transaction cost approach, 33, 43, 48, 50, 52

transgovernmental networks, 510–511

Treaty of Westphalia, 538

triangular relations (Québec), 475–476, 479, 483, 500

trilateralism in North America, 524, 575–576

two-tier banking system, 224, 255

U.S. Congress, 10, 117, 127, 132, 138, 140–141, 180, 225, 232, 270–296, 307, 318, 326, 333–334, 348, 353, 418, 422, 474, 497, 513–514, 517, 556–557, 560, 598

U.S. Constitution (1787), 307, 556–557, 559–560

10th Amendment, 559–561, 566

Separation of powers, 272

U.S. Department of Defense (Pentagon), 156, 160–161, 355

U.S. federal debt, 176–177