1. Allan Sekula. ‘Reading an Archive: Photography between Labour and Capital”. In The Photographic Reader, edited by Liz Wells. Milton Park, Abingdon, UK: Routledge (2003), pp. 443–452.

2. When the photograph was first located at the Hocken Library (Dunedin, New Zealand) in early 2007, it was catalogued with other home science photos as ‘Professors 1930’. The subjects were unnamed.

3. The University of Otago was one of the four constituent colleges of the University of New Zealand.

4. Ian Grosvenor, ‘On Visualizing Past Classrooms’, in Silences and Images: The Social History of the Classroom, ed. Ian Grosvenor, Martin Lawn, and Kate Rousmaniere (New York: Peter Lang, 1999).

5. W. P. Morrell, The University of Otago: A Centennial History (Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 1969).

6. The scholarly lives and work of these four women is examined in Tanya Fitzgerald, Outsiders or Equals? Women Professors at the University of New Zealand, 1911–1961 (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2009).

7. Jane Martin, ‘The Hope of Biography: The Historical Recovery of Women Educator Activists’, History of Education 32, no. 2 (2002): 224.

8. Fitzgerald, Outsiders or Equals?

9. J. C. Beaglehole, The University of New Zealand: An Historical Study (Auckland: New Zealand Council for Educational Research, 1937).

10. Jenny Collins, ‘Beyond the Domestic Sphere? A Home Science Education at the University of New Zealand, 1911–1936’, Journal of Educational Administration and History 41, no. 2 (2008): 115–130. The Department of Education was a government department.

11. Fitzgerald, Outsiders or Equals?

12. Established in 1871 and disestablished in 1961.

13. Home science was also called home economics (in the United States), household science, domestic science (mostly in girls’ secondary schools in England and New Zealand), and more recently (i.e., the 1990s and beyond), consumer and applied science. See chapter 4 for an overview of the rise of household science.

14. Beaglehole, University of New Zealand; W. J. Gardner, Colonial Cap and Gown: Studies in the Mid-Victorian Universities of Australasia (Christchurch: University of Canterbury Press, 1979); Hugh Parton, The University of New Zealand (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1979); Morrell, University of Otago.