presidential elections (continued)

2008 election, 10, 119–133, 140, 151, 161

proportional representation See also district representation, 26, 124–126, 128, 149, 179

public opinion polls, 5, 120–121, 171

Ray v. Blair, 32

Reagan, Ronald, 31, 36, 45, 123, 170

Republican National Committee, 41, 127

Richardson, Bill, 125, 127

Robb, Richie, 90

Romney, Mitt, 121–124, 152, 154–155

Roosevelt, Franklin, 55

Rounds, Mike, 23

Russell Lowell, James, 36

Saturday Night Live, 129

Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 124

selection methods of electors See also nomination of electors, 4, 27–28, 69–7

party committee, 27–28, 69–71, 74–80, 82, 95–96, 112, 138–139

party option, 27, 96, 138

personal method, 27–28, 69–71, 81, 95–96, 138

state convention, 27, 69, 74–77, 112–113

September 11 attacks, 86–87, 121, 129, 177

Seventeenth Amendment, 8

Sherman, James, 30

South Carolina primary

in 2000, 56–57

in 2004, 88–89

in 2008, 121–123, 126–127

Spitzer, Eliot, 23

state of the economy, 87, 89, 121, 131, 133

Stevenson, Adlai, 31

Strickland, Ted, 23

Super Tuesday

in 2000, 55, 57

in 2004, 89

in 2008, 123–124, 127–128, 152

superdelegates, 87, 131

Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT), 89–90

swing states See also battleground states, 89, 97–101, 126, 142, 171–173, 182

terrorism, 13, 86–87

Tilden, Samuel, 36

Thompson, Fred, 121–123, 152

Turner, W.F. See also faithless electors, 31, 45–46

Twelfth Amendment, 6, 24

Twenty-third Amendment, 3

two-party system, 26, 169, 171, 174

unit rule See also winner-take-all; Duvergers Law, 26, 103–104, 111, 124–126, 147–149, 158, 169–172, 174, 179, 182

United States Congress, 5–7, 22–23, 29, 32, 91, 173, 176, 180, 184

United States Constitution, 3–8, 10, 18, 22, 37, 104, 169, 171, 179–180