Adams, John, 24, 30, 32

Adams, John Quincy, 30

Afghanistan War, 86–87, 89, 121

Bailey, Lloyd See also faithless electors, 45–46

battleground states See also swing states, 89, 97–101, 126, 142, 171–173, 182

Beckel, Bob, 72

Benton, Thomas Hart, 177

Bentsen, Lloyd, 31, 45–46

Biden, Joseph, 125, 127, 140, 145, 152–154

Birthers, 132–133, 140–142, 162

bound electors See also pledged electors, 28–31, 50, 97–100, 114, 141, 143, 145, 178

Bradley, Bill, 55

Bryce, James, 25

Buchannan, Patrick, 59

Burr, Aaron, 6, 24

Bush, George H.W., 55

Bush, George W., 9, 11, 13, 17, 32, 38, 50, 54–59, 68, 71, 73–82, 86–90, 98, 100, 104, 107–111, 121, 123, 130–131, 149, 166, 178–179

Bush tax cuts, 123

Bush v. Gore, 59, 166

Byrd, Harry, 31, 45

California (nomination method), 27–28, 69–70, 138

certificates of vote, 5

Cheney, Richard, 17, 54, 68, 82, 98, 100, 107–110

Citizens for True Democracy, 71

Clark, Wesley, 87–88

Clinton, Hillary, 125–131, 151, 154–155, 160, 162

Clinton, William, 54–57, 127, 170

Constitutional Convention, 3, 5

Crist, Charlie, 123

Daugaard, Dennis, 23

Dean, Howard, 87–89

Delay, Tom, 123

Democratic National Committee, 89, 127–128, 130

Democratic–Republicans, 24

demographics of electors

2000 Electoral College, 60–61

2004 Electoral College, 91–92, 95, 103, 112, 115

2008 Electoral College, 133–134, 146–147, 158, 160–161

Department of Homeland Security, 86, 89

direct democracy, 8, 37

district representation See also proportional representation, 26, 124–126, 128, 149, 179

Dodd, Chris, 125

Dole, Robert, 41

Dukakis, Michael, 31

Dunn, Winfield, 23

Duverger’s Law, 26, 103–104, 111, 124–126, 147–149, 158, 169–172