Gephardt, Richard, 87

Giuliani, Rudolph, 121–124

Goldwater, Barry, 41

Gore, Albert, 17, 31, 54–59, 68, 71, 166

Gore-Lieberman ticket, 17, 54

Greeley, Horace, 30

hairbreadth elections, 36, 41, 50, 140, 161

Hamilton, Alexander, 5–6, 24, 39, 60, 176–178

Harris, Franco, 23

Harris, Katherine, 59, 166

Harrison, Benjamin, 116

Hayes, Rutherford B., 36

Hewitt, Hugh, 123

House contingency election, 6, 24, 181

House of Representatives, 3, 5–6, 13, 17, 24, 28, 40, 45, 49, 54–55, 64, 70, 73, 94, 136, 166, 176

Huckabee, Mike, 121–124, 152, 154–155

ideology of electors

in 2000, 68

in 2004, 110, 113

in 2008, 157–160

Iowa caucuses

in 2000, 56, 58–59

in 2004, 87–89

in 2008, 121–122, 125–126, 152

Iraq War, 86–89, 121, 131, 133

Irwin, Henry See also faithless electors, 31, 40–41, 45–46

Jackson, Jesse, 127

Jackson, Justice Robert, 25

Janklow, William, 23

Jefferson, Thomas, 6, 24, 30, 32

Johnson, Andrew, 55

Kennedy, John F., 40, 45

Kerry, John, 9, 29, 87–91, 96, 101, 107–111, 113

Keyes, Alan, 56

King, Rufus, 4

Kucinich, Dennis, 125

Landrieu, Mary, 23

Leach, Margaret See also faithless electors, 31, 45–46

legal sanctions against faithless electors, 6, 29, 33–36, 71, 81, 97–100, 102, 114, 140–141, 143, 145, 177, 183

Lett-Simmons, Barbara See also faithless electors, 31, 45, 46

Lieberman, Joseph, 17, 54, 87

Limbaugh, Rush, 123

Lodge Jr., Henry Cabot, 183

Macbride, Roger See also faithless electors, 45–46

Martinez, Mel, 123

McCain, John, 56–57, 90, 119, 121–125, 131–132, 140, 152–156, 160, 162

McGovern, George, 33

Michener, James, 65

Michigan primary

in 2000, 57

in 2004, 88

in 2008, 122, 127–128, 130

Miles, Samuel See also faithless electors, 29–30, 32

Minnesota (faithless elector 2004), 29, 36