Figure 2.1. Motivations of Past Faithless Electors

46

Figure 3.1. Political Activity and the Electoral College in 2000

62

Figure 4.1. Activism in the 2004 Electoral College

93

Figure 4.2. Lobbying Efforts in the 2004 Electoral College

98

Figure 4.3. Electors Giving Some Consideration to Voting for Someone Other than Pledged Candidates in 2004

100

Figure 4.4. Presidential Elector Feeling Thermometers

108

Figure 4.5. Wavering Electors’ Criticism of Candidates

109

Figure 5.1. Political Activism in the 2008 Electoral College

135

Figure 5.2. Lobbying Efforts in the 2008 Electoral College

141

Figure 5.3. Comparing 2004 and 2008 Lobbying Campaigns

143

Figure 5.4. Wavering Electors in the 2008 Electoral College

145

Figure 5.5. Presidential Elector Feeling Thermometers (Polarization Is the Rule)

153