| Chapter 2: | Treating HIV/AIDS |
|
|
This is a limited free preview of this book. Please buy full access.
Statistically, soon after HAART’s introduction, the HIV incidence declined by 38% and the AIDS mortality rate dropped by 63% worldwide (Berg et al., 2007; Garcia & Cote, 2003; Harrigan et al., 2005; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2003).
Studies—especially those conducted in developed nations—reveal that morbidity from HIV opportunistic infections has almost been eliminated by HAART, which has contributed to improved health and increased longevity for those living with the virus (Gao et al., 2000; Laing & Hodgkin, 2006; Palella et al., 1998). For example, Lohse, Hansen, Gerstoft, and Obel (2007) called HAART a medical success that boosts the CD4 cell count, eventually improving the physical and psychological health for those under treatment. Mannheimer et al. (2005) also noted immunological and virological gains for those under HAART. Rowell and Shippy (2004) further revealed improvements in the mental health, social function, and overall quality of life among study participants under HAART. Studies pertaining to the impact of HAART on the quality of life for those infected with the virus in developing countries remain scarce, but the few extant studies reveal somewhat similar findings as those noted previously. For example, statistics reveal a reduction in the AIDS mortality rate in Botswana attributed to 3 years of effective treatment with highly active antiretroviral drugs (WHO, 2008a). In a study conducted in South Africa, Jelsma, Maclean, Hughes, Tinese, and Darder (2005) found improvement in the quality of life and increase in the survival rate for individuals treated with anti-HIV drugs after they were diagnosed with AIDS. Such clinical improvements in health for those under HAART, if accessible, continue to inspire hope for a cure among those with HIV/AIDS worldwide.
Access to Highly Active Antiretroviral Drugs
As discussed previously, the introduction of HAART was a medical breakthrough in the treatment of HIV. However, because of the high cost of anti-HIV drugs, the majority of those who need treatment especially in resource-limited regions cannot access these drugs without financial assistance (Laing & Hodgkin, 2006; UNAIDS, 2006c). There