2 Live Crew, 107, 141, 192, 226

3 6 Mafia, 67

50 Cent, 67, 70, 106–107, 123, 136, 166, 195, 257

A Tribe Called Quest, 246, 279

abuse, 8, 14, 30, 67–68, 72, 97, 109–110, 112, 124, 132–133, 155, 206, 218, 224

addict, 9, 21–22, 280

Afrika Bambaataa, 18–20, 28, 31–34, 36, 81

after school, 248

Ahearn, Charlie, 50

American Civil War, 33, 152, 206

American society, 37, 39, 56, 116, 150, 201–204, 267, 278, 286, 288, 290

AMG, 242

apartheid, 34, 300

archaic movements, 36

Arista Records, 83

Armstrong, Edward, 61–64, 113, 121, 228, 234

Aryan, 165–166

Ashkenaz Music and Dance Community Center, 40

Asian, 76, 90, 94, 236

Atlanta, 68–69, 173

B-boying (break–dancing), 25

Baby Geto Boys, 63

Bad Boy Records, 69, 82–83

Bamboozled, 99, 114, 303

Bandele, Asha, 40

Bartlow, Traci, 40

Bayles, Martha, 100, 121, 279, 289, 290

Beastie Boys, 54

BET, 99, 106, 240, 244

Billboard, 52, 68, 166, 244, 261

bitch, 3, 48, 61–62, 66, 79, 106–107, 110–111, 113, 144, 160, 163–164, 166, 175, 180, 185, 195, 212–213, 234, 243, 249, 251, 273, 281, 288

black. See also young black men, 1, 3, 5–8, 11–14, 19–20, 24, 26–29, 31–35, 37–39, 41, 43, 48, 50, 54–59, 62–63, 65–66, 68, 72–73, 75–76, 81–84, 86–94, 97–117, 121–125, 127–128, 130–133, 135–137, 139–146, 148, 150–164, 166–168, 173–184, 186–191, 193–195, 206–212, 215–223, 225–226, 229, 233–234, 237–243, 245, 247, 249–254, 256–261, 263–270, 273, 278–284, 286–290

black English, 164, 215

Black Liberation Movement, 33–34

black male identity crisis. See also young black men, 206

Black Spades, 20

Blackface, 104, 107, 109, 114–116, 209, 290

BMG Music, 81

Brazil, 284

Bronx, 10, 17, 19, 21–25, 27–29, 31–33, 35–36, 49–55, 59, 65, 76

Brooklyn, 32, 50, 53, 55, 104, 188

Brown, James, 104, 105