economic development, 19, 37–38, 90, 145, 149, 152, 282

economic policy, 38–39, 55, 65, 81, 94, 102, 109, 265

European Union, 18, 46, 59, 92, 146, 190, 196

factory college, 25

famine, 48, 50–51, 82, 86, 88, 96, 107, 109, 118, 120, 129, 169, 252

Food and Agriculture Organization, 45–49, 51–52

food distribution, 48

food shortage, 38, 46

foreign trade, 6, 58–60

fragmentation, 108, 110, 112, 119–120

free-trade zone, 60–61

Gaddafi, Muammar, 276

Gang of Four, 259

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 266

good governance, 7–8, 143–144, 146–149, 156, 159–160

gross domestic product, 55, 85, 110

Group of 77 (G-77), 27

highly enriched uranium, 175–176, 199, 201–202, 207

Hill, Christopher, 177, 246

Ho, Dam, 187, 191

humanitarian aid, 143, 235

human needs, 3

human rights, 37, 58, 97, 101, 145–149, 156, 211, 231–232, 274

Hussein, Saddam, 176, 206, 208, 222, 276

Hwang, Jang Yop, 191

International Atomic Energy Agency, 199–200, 208

ideology, 4–6, 9, 13–21, 23, 26–27, 31, 34, 63–65, 81, 94, 102, 148–150, 152, 156, 158–160, 190, 234, 239, 241–242, 267, 272, 276, 278

immiseration, 108, 114–115, 120

industrialization, 2, 54, 95

inflation, 50, 90–92

International Department, 185–192, 258–259

International Monetary Fund, 62, 146

inter-Korean relations, 139, 173, 192, 220

jajusong, 26–27

Japan, 4, 54, 57, 59, 91, 93, 152, 166, 174, 184, 200, 202–203, 205, 211, 215–216, 221, 225, 232, 254, 271, 273–274, 277, 284

juche, 4–6, 13–28, 33–34, 62–64, 93–94, 158, 192–194, 234, 272–273, 282, 286

July 2002 reforms, 90, 110

Kaesong, 88, 131, 275, 280

Kang, Seok Ju, 190, 258

kangsong daekuk, 282

Kim, Chaek, 26

Kim, Dae Jung, 172–173, 275, 277, 280

Kim, Gye Gwan, 177

Kim, Il Sung, 4, 8–9, 17–20, 22–24, 26, 28–29, 33, 44, 50, 56, 61, 63–64, 66, 68, 72–73, 86–88, 91, 93–96, 126–129, 132–133, 135–136, 139, 153, 166, 169–174, 177, 179, 183–184, 187, 189, 191–198, 207, 211, 221–222, 224, 241, 251–269, 271–273, 275–286