open-ended, 11, 175, 179, 240

oppression, 7, 95, 221, 234

oppressor language, 106

oral tradition, 4, 20, 23–24, 67, 72

orality, 17, 65–66, 95

orature, 14, 96

Organization of African Unity, 54

organizational, 16

ostracized, 85, 194

Ouagadougou

Ouédraogo, Idrissa, 14

Oumy, 189–190, 256

Ouolof, 54–55, 85, 94, 100, 103–111, 116, 118–120, 122–123, 130, 134, 137, 148, 169, 187, 219, 231, 245, 261

out of place, 71, 188, 200

outside observer, 188

overseas, 210

pacing, 4

pagan, 133

Palestine, 158

Pan African, 4, 54, 221, 237–238

Pan-Africanism, 221, 237–238

paradigm, 15, 164

Paré, Joseph, 13

Paris, 24, 69, 224

partisan artists, 9

passive victims, 164

pass-key, 209

past, 7, 20, 32–33, 36, 43, 46–48, 65, 67–68, 70–73, 76, 85, 138, 163, 166, 185, 187, 191, 196, 199, 212, 226, 238

Pastor, 144–148, 262

paternal brutality, 121

Pathé, 139–141

patriarch, 48, 254, 262

patriarchy, 188

patrilineal system, 132

patrilocal, 184

patron, 45, 75, 112, 245

Payane, Boubacar Omar, 169–172, 214, 220–221, 229, 263–264

Peace Corps volunteers

peanuts, 234

Peary, Gerald, 37

peasant, 121, 123, 128, 234

peasant women, 121

Peck, Raoul, 227

pepper gas, 121

perception, 4, 23, 96, 98–99, 116

performance, 70, 76, 117, 134, 224

pernicious, 5, 53

personal greed, 189

perspectives, 14, 18

pessimistic, 21

pestle, 104, 174

Petty, Sheila, 12–13, 16, 165

Pfaff, Françoise, 13, 16–17, 20, 113, 164, 174

PhD, 12, 16, 19

philistine, 170

philosopher, 34, 42

philosophical quandaries, 7, 234

physical violence, 196

pidgin, 96

pieces, 16, 109, 265

pilgrimage, 150

pioneering, 15–16, 123

plastic containers, 234

plasticity, 52

plausible, 175

podium, 232–233

point-of-view shots, 19

police, 75, 81, 104, 109, 112, 149, 189, 233, 246, 261