verbal map, 9, 290, 298, 317

world map, 48

map-guides (tujing), 32, 34–35, 41, 43, 58, 62, 68–69, 137, 143, 145, 150–151, 156, 159–160, 162, 177, 180, 182, 186–189, 192, 195

categories, 53–54, 57, 59

celebratory symbol, 154

growing importance in Sui-Tang period, 52

imperial authority, 133–134, 144, 153

importance of the map-guides, 52

local officials, 51–52, 67, 129–132, 147–148, 154, 166–167, 169–170, 172, 175, 179, 184–185, 275, 289, 311

Map-Guide for Regions to the West and the North of the Capital, 40

Map-Guide of Jiujiang, 56

Map-Guide of Shazhou, 53, 289

Map-Guide of Shezhou, 57, 171

Map-Guide of the Shazhou Military Commandery, 53–55, 183, 194, 275

Map-Guide of Yuzhang, 140

political criticism, 22–23, 152, 178–179

as source of local information, 52, 131–132, 135–136, 153–154, 174–175, 311

as source of local legends and anecdotes, 56

veiled critique, 152

writing, 6, 22–23, 51–52, 55, 60, 129, 131–136, 138–141, 144, 146, 148–149, 155, 158, 164–166, 178–179, 185, 200, 289, 311–312

Master Fuqiu, 139

meditation, 74, 110–112

Melville, Herman, 28, 317

“Memorial Presenting the ‘Map of the Western and the Northern Frontiers’”, 44

See also Yuan Zhen

Meng Haoran, 126

“Seeing off Yuan the Tenth to Seek His Younger Brother in Lingnan”, 211

mental travel, 81–82, 85, 88

metaphor, 2, 6, 8, 19, 26, 76, 82, 87, 92, 108, 137–138, 145–146, 157–158, 164, 199, 236, 245, 248, 262–263, 314–315, 317–318

mid-Tang literati, 10, 18, 23, 31, 120

geographical understanding, 3, 201, 273, 309, 312–313, 315–316

map readers, 311

migration, 6, 23–24, 74, 195–196, 198–199, 201, 203, 205–209, 217–218, 224, 246, 248, 309

See also immigration

military, 34, 39, 41, 44–45, 52, 59, 66, 68, 77, 118, 151, 175, 186, 248, 250

military commissioner, 65, 75, 202–203, 222

military governor, 135, 201, 205

See also Map-Guide of the Shazhou Military Commandery

Mimo, 102

Ming Dynasty, 62, 116, 244, 305