, 419–420, 424–426, 438, 470, 503, 529, 577–578, 580

ordination platforms, 189–191, 193–194, 200, 250, 257, 260, 270, 505–506, 531–533, 535–537, 564, 567–569, 572–574, 577–578, 615

Mahāyāna Ordination Platforms, 531–533, 535, 537, 569, 572–573

precept ordinations, 189, 197, 200, 536

Orthodox Transmission of Buddhism (Shimen zhengtong), 5, 15–16, 27, 32–40, 47, 58, 63, 70, 73, 76, 78, 80

Ouyang Xiu, 37–40, 51, 68, 73, 80, 86, 90–91, 94, 493–494, 619

Palace Chapel, see Buddhist Chapels

Pañcaviṃśati-sāhasrikā-prajñā-pāramitā (Xiaopin), 222, 226, 230

Paramārtha, 69, 299, 598, 603

Piṇḍola, 190, 194, 227, 229, 531, 536

Prajñāpāramitā sūtra, 221–222, 226

Preceptor of State, 394

Purple Robes, 23, 43, 178, 364, 374–375, 479, 485–489, 495–498, 501–503, 506–507, 511, 520, 529–530, 546, 572

Qi lu (Seven Records), 444–445, 454

Qian Liu, King of Wuyue, 41, 61–62, 85, 361, 511

Qin Shihuangdi, 17, 638

Quanfu, 62, 76

Record of the Transmission of the Lamp compiled in the Jingde era, 71, 93, 259, 645

removing ordinary clothing (to assume official duties). See Buddhist Five Ranks, 89, 424

Renwang jing (The Scripture on Benevolent Kings), 449, 459, 464, 586, 614–615, 618, 621

Regions of the West, 103–105, 109–110, 114, 130, 133, 136, 147, 152, 177, 190, 265, 268, 273, 301, 307–308, 329, 391, 501, 549, 551, 584, 609, 627–628

Registrar of Buddhist Affairs, 460

religion and the state, 1

Renzong, Emperor, 272

Rites of Zhou (Zhou li), 161, 214, 216, 258, 310, 628, 632

rituals, 38, 80, 82, 88, 190, 203, 206, 211, 292, 303, 310, 464, 519, 536, 543, 577, 638

etiquette for paying respect, 2, 209

receiving food offerings and repentance rituals, 2

rituals for wearing monastic garments, 182

Ruan Xiaoxu, 444–445, 454

Ruizong, Emperor, 371, 394, 443, 453, 458, 486, 580, 584

rules for monks, 291, 312

Ruxing, 56

Śākyamuni, 19, 22, 42, 47, 63, 85, 99, 103–104, 107, 248, 350, 358, 463, 476, 561, 639

samgha, 7, 74–75, 81, 85, 93, 99, 141, 192, 197, 215, 286, 317, 329–330, 358, 411, 465, 483, 561, 635