Vibhāsā, 118, 145, 169, 171–172

Vimalakīrti sūtra (Weimo jing), 72, 145, 225, 229–230, 241

Vinaya, 20, 29, 41–42, 69, 71, 75, 78, 104–107, 118–119, 138, 149, 165, 167, 180, 182–183, 186, 189, 192, 194, 203–204, 206, 209, 211, 215, 229, 232, 236, 251, 255–256, 260, 262, 264, 266, 269, 275, 291, 298, 302, 312, 323, 326, 351, 364, 373, 391, 394, 405, 411, 437, 469, 504, 509, 532–533, 537, 546–547, 550, 567–568, 572, 587

Vinaya school, 190, 569, 573

Vinaya in Four Divisions (Sifen lü), 26, 66, 74, 200, 231, 233–234, 261, 296–297, 333–334, 512

Wang Chong, 26, 28, 67–68

Wang Jian, 499, 552, 562–563

Wang Yucheng, 4–5, 14–22, 24, 26–28, 30–34, 36–37, 39, 41, 48–49, 51, 56, 60, 63, 65, 67–68, 70, 72, 79, 99, 124, 128, 145, 156, 175, 239, 241, 244, 256, 263, 273, 282, 298–299, 321, 365, 375, 412, 427, 435, 438, 452, 458–459, 464, 466, 497, 499, 526, 529, 543, 552–553, 562–563, 574, 578, 580–581, 586, 612

Wei Pi, 44

Weiyan, 73

wen (literary or cultural arts), 16, 19–21, 26, 29, 31, 33, 35–36, 39, 41–42, 45, 47, 57, 59, 65–66, 72, 79, 82, 84, 87, 90, 183, 299, 308, 310, 321, 375, 377

versus wu (martial prowess), 2, 24

Wendi, Emperor, 119, 244, 336, 341, 343, 410, 572, 590, 594–595, 601

Wen Ying, 58, 65

Wen Zhen, Duke, 43, 49, 79

Wen Zhengong, 44

Wenhuan, Emperor (a.k.a. Yao Xing), 236, 239, 253, 334, 341

Wenzong, Emperor, 244, 303–304, 316, 354, 364–365, 372–373, 429, 444, 460, 466, 470, 476, 478, 483, 487, 584, 590

Wenmu, King, 20, 41, 44, 61

Wenxuan, Prince, 50, 79, 236, 294, 299, 308, 539, 543

Wenzong, Emperor, 244, 303–304, 316, 354, 364–365, 372–373, 429, 444, 460, 466, 470, 476, 478, 483, 487, 584, 590

White Horse monastery, 135, 142–144, 250, 397–398, 403, 420, 435

Wu Chongcheng, 44

Wu Keji, 80

Wu Zetian, Empress, 364, 371, 392, 394, 398, 403–404, 416, 432, 443, 451, 458, 464, 485–486, 493–494, 545, 548, 584

Wudi, Emperor, 66, 79, 129–130, 133, 239, 241, 258, 268, 293–294, 299, 313, 328, 336, 342, 397, 441–442, 444, 451, 454, 501, 527, 543, 552–553, 589, 595, 628, 638–639, 643

Wusu, King, 20, 22, 41, 44, 61

Wuyue, 9, 19–23, 34, 42, 44, 47, 49, 61–63, 70, 72, 85–86, 119, 355, 361, 392, 499, 502, 511, 546

Wuyue monarchs, 61

Wuzong, Emperor, 3, 460, 466, 478, 487, 606, 638–639, 643

Xi Zuochi, 277, 286, 292, 297, 551