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5. Outside of China, the most common term for classical Chinese was 漢文, pronounced Kanbun in Japan, Hanmun in Korea, and Hán văn in Vietnam. The term “literary Sinitic” is designed to indicate that although the classical Chinese script originally developed in China, it had a vibrant and varied life of its own in other areas of East Asia.

6. See Liam C. Kelley, Beyond the Bronze Pillars: Envoy Poetry and the Sino-Vietnamese Relationship (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005); and William F. Pore, “The Inquiring Literatus: Yi Sugwang’s ‘Brush-Talks’ with Phung Khac Khoan in Beijing in 1598,” Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch 83 (2008): 1–26.

7. For an excellent summary of similarities and differences in the reception and use of Confucian ideas in these environments, see Benjamin A. Elman, John B. Duncan, and Herman Ooms, eds., Rethinking Confucianism: Past and Present in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, 2 vols. (Los Angeles: UCLA Asian Pacific Monograph Series, 2002), esp. 1:1–29.

8. See the essays by John Duncan, K. W. Taylor, Kurozumi Makoto, and Shawn McHale in Rethinking Confucianism, ed. Elman et al.

9. For examples in Chinese, see Wu, Dong Ya Yixue shilun; and Yang, Bentu yu yuwai. In English, see Richard J. Smith, Fathoming the Cosmos and Ordering the World: The Yijing (I-Ching or Classic of Changes) and Its Evolution in China (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2017), The I Ching: A Biography (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012), and Mapping China and Managing the World: Culture, Cartography and Cosmology in Late Imperial Times (Milton Park, Oxfordshire, England: Routledge, 2013), esp. chap. 6.

10. For examples, see the works cited in note 9 to this chapter. For an extended discussion of the extraordinary significance of the Changes in Chinese culture, see Zhang Qicheng 張其成, ed., Yijing yingyong da baike 易經應用大百科 (A practical encyclopedia of the Classic of Changes), 2 vols. (Taibei: Dijing qiye gufen youxian gongsi, 1996), esp. 1:401–501 and 2:3–919. Cf. Smith, Fathoming the Cosmos, passim, esp. 218–240.

11. See Smith, Fathoming the Cosmos, for details on the theoretical foundations and historical evolution of the Changes in China.

12. Smith, Fathoming the Cosmos, chap. 5, esp. pp. 127–136. For visual illustrations of Yijing-related cosmological variables, including those related to the Hetu and Luoshu, the five agents, the eight trigrams, the sixty-four hexagrams and so forth, see part 1 of my two-part online article titled “The Transnational Travels of Geomancy.”