, 194, 196–200, 202–203, 206, 211–216, 221–223, 225–233, 235, 238–244, 246, 249, 252, 257–258, 265–267, 275–276, 278, 282, 285, 293–294, 299, 301, 313, 331, 351

See also classical Chinese, Hanmun, Hán văn, Kanbun

Liu Bannong, 222

Liu Ling, 179

Liu Sanmei, 238, 244–245, 253

Liu Songnian, 281

Liu Tui, 263, 287

Liu Xiang, 149, 151–155, 157–158, 163, 166, 169, 182–187, 226–227, 248

Liu Yiqing, 115, 145, 151–152, 183, 188

Lixue, 5, 7, 10, 12–14, 17, 21–24, 27–28, 32, 153, 173, 202, 269, 271

Liyu, 192, 215

Lotus Sutra, xxxv, 44, 47–51, 53–66, 69, 75–78

loyalty, xxviii, 5, 27, 133, 165–166, 171, 204, 211, 269

Lü Bin, 58

Lu Ciyun, 230, 233, 249

Lu Ji, 313

Lu Xiufu, 165

Luanyang zayong, 279

Luoshu, 8, 26, 35

Lý Văn Phức, 32

Madame Roland, 171, 188

Manase Gensaku, 89

Manchus, xxx, xxxiii, 5, 10, 33, 180, 296, 311, 320, 325

See also Qing dynasty

Mao Qiling, 21

Master Yun, 48

material force, 12, 16–17, 25, 38, 48, 74, 169, 202, 204, 214

Matsudaira Naoharu, 169, 187

Matsudaira Tadafusa, 92, 109

Matsudaira Yorinori, 169

Matsumoto Hagie, 171, 188

Matsuzaki Fuku, 272

Meiji, xxxviii–xxxix, 103, 106, 153–154, 169–170, 173, 180, 186–187, 189, 258–260, 262, 264, 266, 275, 281, 287, 299, 311, 332

Mencius, 12, 32, 186, 205, 269–270, 272, 289, 314

Merciful Repentance Ritual, 65, 67–68

Miaoman tu, 228

Minagawa Makoto, 272

Minamoto Yoritomo, 168

mind, xxx, xliv, 13, 32, 40, 64, 78, 167, 169, 193, 201–202, 205, 211–212, 214, 224, 229, 233, 262–263, 269

minorities, 221

See also Bai script, Zhuang script

Miyajima Seiichirō, 281

Miyazaki Yoshikuni, 171–172

Mongaku, 154

Mongols, 10, 44, 64, 80, 290

Monk Tetsujō, 280

Motoori Norinaga, 15

Murasaki Shikibu, 154, 178, 184

Murase Yukihira, 282

Muromachi, 84, 95, 283

music, xxiii, xl, 6, 16, 23, 166, 192, 198, 215, 224, 226, 235–237, 240, 282–284

Naba (Nawa) Kassho, 167

Naehunsŏ, 204