| Chapter 1: | The Transnational Travels of the Yijing 易經 or Classic of Changes |
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Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25, no. 2 (September 1994): 270–312, suggests the limits of “Confucianization” as measured by the palace exams.
68. Pham’s preface appears in Đặng Thái Bàng 鄧泰滂, Chu dịch quốc âm ca 周易國音歌 (Songs [explicating] the Zhou Changes in national pronunciation) (1815), 1–10. See http://lib.nomfoundation.org/collection/1/volume/919/page/16.
69. See, for example, Độc dịch 讀易 (Reading the Changes) in My-Van Tran, A Vietnamese Scholar in Anguish: Nguyen Khuyen and the Decline of the Confucian Order, 1884–1909 (Singapore: National University of Singapore Press, 1992), appendix C.
70. See Yufen Chang, “Traveling Civilization: The Sinographic Translational Network and Modern Lexicon Building in Colonial Vietnam, 1890s–1910s,” Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Working Paper Number 21, February 2016, 1–24, https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/nscwps021_traveling_civilization_sinographic_translational_network_lexicon_building_colonial_vietnam.pdf.
71. Ng, “Yijing Scholarship,” 4 ff., discusses Lê’s writings at considerable length. A Vietnamese translation of Ng’s article can be found at http://vietsciences.free.fr/timhieu/tramhoa/dichhocvn.htm.
72. Cited in Ng, “Yijing Scholarship,” 7 (slightly modified).
73. Ng, “Yijing Scholarship,” 11–14. Lê was sharply critical of both Christianity and the idea of social equality.
74. See Takemura, Ito, and Eto, “Textual Criticism and Exegesis in East Asia and the West”; Baker, “Confucianism and Civilization”; and Ng, “The China Factor.”
75. See, for example, Bongjin Kim, “Rethinking of the Pre-Modern East Asian Region Order,” Journal of East Asian Studies 2, no. 2 (August 2002): 67–101; Ng, “The China Factor”; and Benjamin A. Elman, “Sinophiles and Sinophobes in Tokugawa Japan: Politics, Classicism, and Medicine during the Eighteenth Century,” Eastern Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal 2, no. 1 (2008): 93–121.
76. Quoted in Kelley, “‘Confucianism’ in Vietnam,” esp. 316 ff (slightly modified).
77. See the discussion of “Sinicization” in Richard J. Smith, The Qing Dynasty and Traditional Chinese Culture (New York and London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2015), esp. x, 2–3.