shangshan xiaxiang. See under “up to the mountains and down to the countryside”

shenshi zhuyi. See under mythorealism

Shih, Shu-mei, 207, 233, 289

Sichuan Province, 11, 113, 123, 133–136, 208–209, 224

silence, 28, 45, 72, 94, 104, 107, 148

double silence, 46

exercise of silence, 43–44

language of silence, 44

Silverman, Max, 193–194, 233

Six Day War, 26

Some of Us, 20, 138, 203, 213–214, 216–217, 232–233

Song Binbin, 72, 103

Song Zhihe. See also Great Famine perpetrators

South China Sea, 240–241

spectators, 74, 79, 97–99, 208

Spielberg, Steven, 26

spiritual pollution (jingshen wuran), 29

Stalin, Joseph, 7, 199

Stanford Prison Experiment, 64

struggle sessions, 86

Su Tong, 37–38, 52, 222, 284

Xiangchunshu jie gushi (Stories of Red Toon Street), 53–54

Su, Yang

Collective Killings in Rural China during the Cultural Revolution, 60, 68, 107

enablers, 71

subaltern literature, 145, 153

Suleiman, Susan Rubin, 6, 8, 11, 21, 38, 61, 80–81, 94, 107–108

children and responsibility for choices, 69

surveillance of Chinese citizens, 51, 240–241

survivor’s guilt. See under guilt

symbolism, 47, 51, 122, 168, 178

Szejnmann, Claus-Christian W., 64–65, 106–107

Taiping Rebellion, 239

Tambling, Jeremy, 166–167, 189, 191–192

testimonial literature, 39, 50, 104, 140, 236, 239

testimony, xii, 2, 7–8, 11, 13, 17–18, 20, 23, 25, 27, 32, 36–37, 39–42, 44, 54, 59–63, 71, 73–75, 77, 83, 105, 114–118, 121–122, 125–127, 129–131, 135, 137, 139–142, 144, 146, 149, 151–153, 158, 161, 170, 197–198, 206, 217, 224, 231, 283–285

oral testimonies, 19, 112, 119–120, 138, 145

perpetrators’ testimonies, 9

survivors’ testimonies, 112, 138

testimonies published in China, 72

younger generation’s testimonies, 76

Thaxton, Ralph A., 24, 60–61, 152

Thomas, Alfred, 193

three old classes (laosanjie), 37, 72, 218

Three Red Banners, 134, 136

Tiananmen, 3, 11, 29, 122, 183, 219

Tie Ning, 81

Todd, Jane Marie, 204, 233

trauma, xii, 2–3, 8, 12–14, 16–20, 23, 25–28, 30–37, 40, 42–44, 50, 54, 58–61, 73, 75–79, 88, 96, 100–104, 115, 127, 144, 146, 150, 159, 161, 163, 189, 199, 204, 207