13. Tanaka Kōtarō, Hōritsugaku gairon (Tokyo: Gakuseisha, 1953), 62-64, cited in Kevin M. Doak, “Tanaka Kōtarō and Natural Law,” in Kevin M. Doak, ed., Xavier’s Legacies: Catholicism in Modern Japanese Culture (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2011), 70.

14. Ibid., 70-77.

15. Suehiro Izutarō, Minpō zakkichō, vol. 1 (Tokyo: Nihon Hyōronsha, 1940), 3.

16. See in particular the section on jōri (“reason”) in Suehiro Izutarō, Minpō Zakkichō, op. cit., 36-43. Suehiro adopts a pragmatic, procedural approach in which, he admits, it does not matter if the law really exists at all. See also Tanaka Kōtarō, “Yuriusu Ofuneru ‘Hō to shakai’ (Julius Ofner, Recht und Gesellschaft (1931, Wien und Leipzig, XXII SS, 308)),” in Hōritsu tetsugaku ronshū, 2 vols. (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1942-44).

17. Shichinohe Katsuhiko, “Suehiro Izutarō no seishun: Nitobe Inazo Ikkō kōchō haiseki jiken no sōdōsha,” Hōsei Kenkyū 82-2-3-148, 439, citing also Kainō Michitaka, et al., “Zadankai: Hozumi hōgaku to Suehiro hōgaku no bunseki to hihan,” Hōritsu Jihō vol. 23, no. 11, 78, and “Zadankai: Ningen, Suehiro Izutarō wo kataru,” Hōritsu Jihō, op. cit., 71.

18. Shichinohe Katsuhiko, “Suehiro Izutarō no seishun,” op. cit., 406, citing Suehiro Izutarō, “Kyōiku to chokkan,” in Hōsō manpitsu (Tokyo: Nihon Hyōronsha, 1933). Shichinohe gives Suehiro’s father’s given name as “Ikashi (Izushi).” Shichinohe, “Suehiro Izutarō no seishun,” op. cit., 404. Other reference works give “Ganseki”. The Daishin’in, or Court of Great Cassation, was the prewar Japanese precursor to the present-day Supreme Court.

19. Shichinohe Katsuhiko, “Suehiro Izutarō no seishun,” op. cit., 443, citing Suehiro Izutarō, Minpō kōwa, vol. 1 (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1926), 350 ff.