change of character. See bianhua qizhi

Chen Baisha (陳白沙), 209

Chen Jiru (陳繼儒), 113, 128, 133

Chen Que (陳確), 105, 109, 130, 135, 149, 250

Cheng Hao (程顥), 204, 207, 245

Cheng Yi (程頤), 196, 204–205, 228, 245, 261

Cheng Ying (程嬰), 220

chengren (成人), 89, 125

chĭ (恥), xvii, 70, 91, 107, 109, 130, 149, 205, 247

chī (癡), xvii, 70, 91, 107, 109, 130, 149, 205, 247

See also foolishness and unconventionality

Chibong Yusŏl (芝峰類說), 22

chizi zhi xin (赤子之心), 248

choice of the lesser evil, 216

collective and dependent personality

collective personality, 190

dependent personality, 82, 190

Confucian morality, xvi, 19, 30, 79, 81, 119, 155, 176–177, 190, 193, 217, 224, 236

conscience conflict, 90, 119, 174, 178, 199, 212, 215–216, 230, 251, 257, 270

cosmic energy. See qi (氣)

Croce, Benedetto, xxi

cult of qing, 4, 9, 66, 102, 112, 116, 124, 134, 148, 269, 281

customs, 11, 34, 47, 73, 99, 146, 177, 187, 233, 244

dagong wusi (大公無私), 144

Dai Zhen (戴震), 72, 115, 148–149, 160, 248

Daoism, xi, xvii, xxiii, 5, 31–32, 43–44, 54–55, 62, 70, 73, 77, 88, 101, 104–105, 108, 114, 125–127, 154, 171, 176, 187, 190, 197, 227, 231–232, 236, 238, 248, 260, 262–263, 273

dawo (大我), 140, 144, 160

de (德), 11, 34, 82, 91, 129, 131, 141, 163, 190–191, 225, 241, 245, 248, 250, 253, 255, 259

See also power/virtue/charisma

dependent orientation, 82, 151, 153, 190, 215

desires, xi, xv–xvi, xviii, xx, xxii–xxiii, 2–4, 9, 24, 30–32, 34, 36, 40–43, 46–50, 54, 56, 66–67, 70, 88, 96, 98–99, 103, 107, 111–112, 114–118, 120–121, 123, 133–134, 136, 145–146, 148–149, 152, 154, 156, 160, 163, 171, 184–186, 197, 202–203, 209, 211–212, 214–217, 220, 223–225, 228–231, 235, 245–246, 250–252, 254–257, 259–260, 262, 264, 269–270, 272, 276–278, 280

siyu jingjin (私欲淨盡), 45

yu (欲), 77, 83

destiny, xvii, 72, 88, 175, 177, 187, 193–197, 199–200, 204–205, 222, 224, 231, 233–236, 238–241, 244–246, 262–263

Destinies of the Flowers in the Mirror (Jinghuayuan 鏡花緣), 232, 235, 259, 263–265

determination. See zhi (志)

dignity, vii, xii, xxiv, 3, 5–6, 10, 15, 27, 30, 44, 61–72, 74–75, 87, 92, 108, 150, 154, 156, 158, 164–165