| Chapter : | Introduction |
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Korean pictographic characters or Chinese characters, this character 
was used for metal. “” is composed of two characters. One is “
,” which means metal. The other is “
,” which means Korean. Therefore, “” + “” = (become) (metal). Metal means armored Korean people or soldiers, although “” later changed to “
.” The Koreans made metal tools and weapons before the Chinese made them. The Koreans could rule over huge territories with powerful metal weapons in Asia. Even Sima Qian's Shiji stated that the Chinese king ran away many times because Tung-i used powerful weapons. United Chos
n Korean states made the most powerful weapons and possessed a strong military, similar to the present-day United States.
No Death
Chinese records state that Tung-i lived without death in meditation and in the Heavenly or sacred Way. Of course, this is not true. “No death” may be interpreted to mean that Korean millenarian saints or people have lived long in meditative speculation.
Names of Tung-i, Nine i, and Chosn Korea
The Chinese have used the term Tung-i (Eastern great bowmen) for the name of Korea or Korean instead of Chosn, the formal name of ancient Korea. There are also other names with “i” probably more than nines, such as Jiu-huang, 
(Nine emperors), Jiu-i, 
(Nine -i), Jiu-li, 
(Nine beauty), Jiu-jing, 
(Nine wells), Qinqiu-guo, 
(Clear state), Cang-shui, 
(State over water), and others. In Chinese records about Korea, there are many words with “nine.” “Nine” means that ancient Chos
n Korea had nine united states. Chinese Shanhai jing 
(Book of Mountain and Sea) reports that there are nine wells and tails. When one well is damaged, the other eight wells activate. Although this has a significant meaning in Asian history, most scholars may interpret it simply as “well” and think it just an ancient myth. Nine wells refers to nine Tung-i states of ancient Chosn Korea. Nine tails means nine Tung-i states because there were nine Tung-i states in ancient Chosn Korea.