Abu Ghraib, 7, 11, 13, 24, 56, 59, 63, 66–69, 72, 88, 92, 109, 110–114, 117

and shifts in incident days activity, 114, 137

and shifts in incident dispersion, 122, 123, 135, 138

and shifts in incident frequency, 109–114, 135–142

and shifts in incident lethality, 11, 118, 120, 135–137

and shifts in perpetrators, 134, 135

and shifts in type of attack, 125–127, 135

and shifts in type of victim, 128–132, 135

Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade, 25

Adams, J. Q., 20

Afghanistan, 6, 7, 11, 17, 21, 22, 23, 25, 42, 50, 68, 101, 102, 129, 146–148, 179, 180

aggressive manifest conflict process, 55

al Aqsa, 108

al Fatah, 108, 165

Algeria, 25, 48, 54, 102, 179, 180

al Qaeda, 6, 7, 10, 17, 22–25, 27, 28, 41, 50, 66, 73, 74, 108, 134, 153–155, 159, 165

Angola, 179

analysis of variance, see ANOVA,, 206n34

asymmetric conflicts, 4, 9, 12, 36, 55–57, 66, 96, 147, 207n57, 208n63

barbarism, 9, 19, 53, 56, 66, 146, 150, 155

Basque Fatherland, 108

bin Laden, O., 25, 26, 74, 152, 156, 214n19

Black, C., 22

Black September, 52

bombings in Madrid, 23

Bosnia, 74, 78, 180

Bush, President G. W., 16, 17, 22, 201n8, 9

Bush, President H. W., 20

Cambodia, 102, 180

case studies, 150, 151

Chechnya, 22, 23, 74, 153

Cheney, R., 17

Churchill, Prime Minister Winston, 63

Clinton, President Bill, 156

Cold War, 4, 6, 15, 20, 72, 156

collective action theory, 8, 47, 51, 57, 147

Colombia, 101, 102, 180

conflict spiral, 55

conflict theory, 10, 54, 55

containment, 6

costs, 21–26

in lives, 22

in public opinion, 22–26

monetary, 21

counterterrorism

and conditional inducements, 156

and defensive responses, 50, 57, 58, 68, 213n3