The Chinese Émigrés of Thailand in the Twentieth Century
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Chapter 5: From Chinese to Thai Identity: How Buddhism, Chinese Schools, and Newspapers Influenced Assimilation

123

Natural vs. Forced Assimilation

124

Natural Assimilation

125

Religion and Assimilation

125

Assimilation Policies Toward Minorities: Comparing the Malay and the Chinese Experience

128

Forced Assimilation

132

Chinese Education

136

The Outcome of Thai Government Policies Toward Chinese Schools

142

The Role of Chinese Language Newspapers in the Assimilation Process

143

History of Chinese Language Newspapers in Thailand

144

Conclusion

151

Chapter 6: Becoming Thai: Evidence to Support the Skinnerian Paradigm on Chinese Assimilation in Thailand

157

Surveys

159

Background of the Questionnaire Respondents

159

Age, Gender, and Education

159

Identification of Chinese vs. Thai

161

Usage of Chinese as Spoken Language at Home

162

Decline in Chinese Literacy and Chinese Newspaper Subscriptions

172

Chinese Associations in Thailand

175

Religion and Assimilation

181

Conclusion

183