Figure 4-1. Aggravated assault in relation to turnout; 1960, 1970, and 1980 combined.

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Figure 4-2. Violent crime in relation to turnout in Texas counties in 1991.

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Figure 4-3. Germany, 2002, serious assault rates and turnout in western states.

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Figure 4-4. Violent crime and turnout in Japanese prefectures in 1996.

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Figure 4-5. Lynching in relation to state voter turnout in 1904.

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Figure 5-1. United States, mean party entropy H(P) of each state in relation to its mean turnout in elections from 1920 to 1996.

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Figure 5-2. United States, 1932, parabolic relationship between turnout and political party entropy H(P) for the 48 states.

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Figure 5-3. United States, 1968, linear relationship between turnout and political party entropy H(P).

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Figure 5-4. Germany, 1903–1987, correspondence between turnout entropy H(T) and political party entropy H(P) over time; H(P) is divided by 4 (= log₂16) to align scale with H(T).

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Figure 5-5. Germany, 1903–1987, turnout and political party entropy H(P); data fitted with parabolic curve (solid line) and a fitted entropy curve H(T) (broken line), regressing on turnout (R² is 0.70).

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