Output Area level, 14, 22, 86, 137, 139, 144, 181, 184–185, 192–193, 198–199

ward level, 33, 86, 137, 139, 143–144, 181, 185, 192–193, 197–199, 234, 264, 277

centripetal movement, 144

Chang, S., 40–41

Chee, M., xxix, 289

Chen, L. F., 203

Cheng, Y., 54, 215

Chicago School sociologistsSee also Park, Robert, 172, 178, 206

Chin, J. K., 66

Chinatown. See also Chinese settlement

broader Chinatown, 8–9, 142–143, 257, 280

business enclave, entrepreneurial transmuting pot, 8–9, 76, 79, 279

Chinatown hinterlands, 116, 121, 154, 167, 278

Chinese gates, 77, 79, 82–83, 112

Chinese village, 83, 86

Chineseness, 69, 80, 83, 124, 210

defence enclaveSee also discrimination; segregation, 76, 83, 88

definition of, 8–9, 77–83

Chinatown (continued) ghetto, 76, 79, 83–84, 86, 125, 176, 178, 289

Huabu,, 77

local Chinatown, 3, 116, 121, 123, 133, 154, 167, 278, 284

national Chinatown, 96, 121, 123, 154, 158

old, traditional Chinatown, xxix, 3, 8, 25, 45, 79, 91, 93, 99, 105, 112, 116, 123, 195, 200, 278, 285

port of entry, primary reception area, xxix, 3, 76, 90–92, 127–128, 133, 144, 247, 250, 277, 284–285, 290

pseudo-ghetto, 94

regional Chinatown, 112, 121, 154, 158, 167, 169, 250, 278

residential enclave, 3, 124, 195, 279, 283–284

small ethnic business clusters, 92, 116–117, 280

stage-development model, 90, 123–124

street furniture, 77, 79, 82

suburban, satellite Chinatown, xxix, 82, 93, 99, 105, 107, 121, 179, 195, 257, 280

Tangren Jie,, 77

Zhongguo Cheng,, 77

Chinese Community Centre, 20

Chinese community. See Chinese immigrants