Jimmy Carter and the Water Wars: Presidential Influence and the Politics of Pork
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Jimmy Carter and the Water Wars: Presidential Influence and the P ...

Chapter :  Introduction
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Close examination of Carter’s presidency lays bare the fragility of the Democratic coalition during this period: North versus South, New Deal Democrats versus “new” Democrats, evangelical Christians versus the mainstream religious, pragmatic politicians versus technocrats. Likewise, many of the issues raised by Carter—the congressional pork barrel chief among them—would become standards for subsequent presidents (as would energy, Middle East peace, tax reform, arms limitation, and a host of others). Reflecting on Carter’s place in American political history, former Special Assistant to Carter Les Francis summed up Carter’s place in history:

He was a transitional figure; a transitional figure for the [Democratic] Party. What he did made Bill Clinton’s campaign possible. Not just by region, which was important, but by ideology. He was a centrist Democrat, fiscally conservative, pro-national defense, more or less socially liberal, certainly environmentally liberal, and not wedded or beholden to many of the [Democratic] base constituencies.8

This book is about presidential influence in Congress. Presidential influence in Congress—whether presidents, through their official activities, are able to persuade members of Congress to vote with the president—is one of the enduring intellectual puzzles of the scholarly study of American politics. Inside the Washington community, presidential influence is a matter of much concern, discussion, speculation, intuition, handwringing, and folklore.

8 Interview with Les Francis, August 2007, Washington, DC.