liberal democracy, 6, 163, 192, 221, 223

libertarian value, 26

liberty

predisposition for, 7

individual, 36, 38–39, 96, 110, 170, 209

liberty aspiration, 26, 39, 48, 50–54, 61, 63–64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 81, 85, 87, 89, 192

life satisfaction, 28, 34, 36, 48–49, 99–100, 122–124, 126, 128–129, 148, 151–152, 172, 174

lifestyle, 55

Linz, J. J., 23, 137

Lipset, S. M., 13, 75n7, 116

literacy

adult, rate of, 81, 190

female, 59

MacFarquhar, R., 167

Malaysia, 4, 72, 190, 196

manufacturing

industry, 78–80, 82, 104

Marcos, 113

market, 14, 15–16, 205

marketization, 15, 205

mass information, 67, 80–82, 104

materialism, 28

McFaul, M., 194

means-motives linkage, 39

Memorial (prohuman rights group), 141

meritocracy, 214

Mexico, 112, 166, 191

middle class, 14, 16

Mishler, W., 29, 32

Misztal, B. A., 29, 49, 98

moderation, 144

modernity, 7, 51, 96

modernization

social, 4, 5, 8, 170, 210, 213, 223, 226

socioeconomic, xi, 16, 28, 65, 67–68, 83, 116, 173, 187, 209, 211, 226

modernizing society, 18, 135

Mongolia, 3, 12n1, 14, 114–115, 190

motives-rules linkage, 39–40

multilevel regression, 90, 106n1

Muslim, 31

Myanmar (Burma), 3, 5, 59, 112, 190

Nathan, A. J., 22, 33, 163, 180, 202, 215

National Auditing Authority, 219

National People’s Congress (NPC), 164, 216, 219, 220

national pride, 55, 174, 176, 215

nationalism, 55, 57

Nationalist Party, 212

newly industrialized country (NIC), 5, 70–72

Newton, K., 29, 138

NGO. See nongovernmental organization

NIC. See newly industrialized country

Nie, N. H., 39, 94–95, 99