nondemocratic values, 6

nongovernmental organization (NGO), 16, 42

North Korea, 3, 5, 57, 75n2, 191, 225

Norris, P., 31, 52, 55, 80, 116, 125, 140, 147, 154, 160–161, 169

NPC. See National People’s Congress

occupational differentiation, 38

occupational structure, 79–83

O’Donnell, G., 23

one-party regime, 3, 21, 33, 165, 220

Ong, N.-N. T., 29, 124

opportunity structure, 115–116

Ottaway, M., 23, 222

party-state, 22, 162, 177–178, 220

Pascarella, E. T., 97

paternalism, 52–55, 62–63, 66, 68, 74, 81, 85, 87, 89, 117

patriarchy, 52–53, 55, 63, 74, 117

Pei, M., 180, 202, 214

People’s March (1987), 113

petition, 9, 42, 49, 111–112, 119–121, 126–128, 132, 134, 154, 192, 216, 222

Pham, M. H., 29

Pham, T. N., 29

Pharr, S. J., 29, 32, 160, 163, 170

Philippines, the, 3, 12n1, 60, 62, 113, 115, 141, 189–190

Poland, 140–141

political

activism, 36, 130–131

behavior, 27, 105, 110, 148–149, 151, 187

community, 161–162, 174

culture, 6, 27, 47, 170

discontent, 122–123, 126, 128–129, 131–132

distrust, 123, 126, 128–129, 131–132

instability, 159

interest, 125–126, 128–130, 175, 177–178

involvement, 39, 94

liberalization, 5, 22, 43, 119

openness, 5, 7–8, 41, 206, 211, 213, 217

order, 155

reform, 19–20, 22, 114, 162, 169, 173–176, 181, 216, 218

postmaterialism, 28, 34, 48, 51, 98, 116, 124, 173, 202

postmodernization, viii, 35, 48, 51, 55, 79, 104

postreform generation, 202–205

prodemocratic attitudes, 5, 15, 16, 34, 78

protest

in China, 132

potential, viii, xii, 53, 109, 110–111, 118–122, 125–130

propensity, 8

tendency, 111

Przeworski, A., 75n7