The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Proto-Nationalism, 1870–1920
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Acknowledgments

This book owes a great deal to a number of people and institutions. I am grateful, first, to two of my teachers, Peter Hulme and Roberto Vecchi. I am also grateful to professors, scholars, colleagues, and friends in Angola, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and Italy, for their assistance and encouragement: Leela Gandhi, Mark Gilbert, Marco Bellabarba, Dinho Bastos, Ana Maria Mão-de-Ferro Martinho, Abel Barros Baptista, Jonathan White, Matthias Röhrig Assunção, Jeremy Krikler, Carlo Cibò, Fabrizio Dal Borgo, Lorenza Longhi, Helena Hanhikangas. Great benefit also derived from meaningful intellectual exchanges with Carlos Pacheco and José Eduardo Agualusa. Any errors of facts or interpretation, of course, are entirely my own.

My research in Lisbon was greatly facilitated by the staffs of the Library of the Universidade Nova, the National Library, the Overseas National Archive, the Lisbon Geographic Society, the National Newspaper and Periodicals Library, the Luís Vaz de Camões Library, and the Torre do Tombo National Archive.