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My stay at the University of Essex and my research trips to Portugal were made possible by grants from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, the University of Bologna, and the University of Essex.
In Luanda, I wish to thank the staff of the Italian and Portuguese Embassy, the Camões Institute, the Municipal Library, and the National Historical Archives of Angola; in Bologna, the staffs of the Amilcar Cabral Library and the Library of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures.
The translations from Portuguese into English are my own. Where helpful for reasons of clarity, the original Portuguese also appears. The reader may note an inconsistency in the spelling of the Portuguese words due to changes brought about by a spelling reform in 1911.
Bibliographical references are given in their original; items in the text appear in their current forms, according to the orthographic reform of Gonçalves Viana.