color-blind racism, 41, 48, 50, 54–55, 86–87, 144, 146, 151, 159–160

color-blind ideology, 10, 12, 18, 21, 49, 54, 143–144, 163

commercial hip hop, 75, 167

commercialism, 20, 93, 97, 102, 114, 126–127, 131, 133, 170

commercialized media, 118, 161

commodifi cation, 15, 17, 31, 33, 38, 57, 69, 93, 108, 114, 137, 158, 163

Common, 113, 122, 124–125

consciousness, 4, 19, 29, 39, 102, 109, 114–115, 130, 149, 159, 171–172, 175–176

consumerism, 26, 160

counterculture, 25, 54, 142

counterhegemonic discourse, 117

Cuban hip hop, 92, 171

culture

cultural reproduction, 29–30, 118

dominant culture, 4, 12, 14, 16–18, 25–29, 31, 35–36, 38–39, 47, 57, 63, 72, 85, 104, 117, 119, 140–144, 151–152, 158–160, 162

hip hop culture, 2–4, 6–8, 10–12, 15–16, 18–21, 23–24, 26, 34, 39, 49, 52, 55, 60, 78, 82–85, 120–121, 138–139, 142, 144, 146, 151–152, 158, 161–162, 170–171

youth culture, 1, 3–4, 56, 145–146, 151, 174

dancehall, 146, 149–150

Day, Beth, 46–47

Dead Prez, 113, 127, 176

Desi hip hop, 174, 177

Diaz, Angeli, 109

Dill, Bonnie Thornton, 103

Diner, Robyn, 94

Dirlik, Arif, 138

dominant groups, 14, 16, 20, 25, 28, 34, 41, 50, 119, 152, 158, 160

dominant elites, 4, 14, 37, 88, 117, 121, 127, 145, 158

Dr. Dre, 64, 152

Duncan-Andrade, Jeff, 92

Dyson, Michael Eric, 9, 28, 30, 59, 74, 78, 81, 97, 134, 161, 163

Eagleton, Terry, 40, 143

Eazy-E, 64, 82

Emerson, Rana, 118, 130

Eminem, 6, 11, 73, 82, 137, 144, 152, 162

Erykah Badu, 122, 128, 130

Fanon, Frantz, 13

feminist praxis, 92

Fernandes, Sujatha, 171–172

Fiske, John, 17, 35–36

Forman, Murray, 101, 165

Franti, Michael, 123

French hip hop, 147