| Chapter : | Brief Introduction to the Herati Dialect |
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and a pronoun: bεzi/bəzi < bε/bə + az + i(n), bεzu/bəzu < bε/bə + az + u(n), bəzinâ < bə + az + in(h)â, bəzunâ < bə + az + un(h)â, and the contractions of the adverb bad (ba'd) with az and a pronoun: bazi < ba'd az i(n), bazu < ba'd az u(n). The word darun (“inside”) through the dropping of the final -n, the dropping of “u” under the influence of “r” (see no. 9), and a partial assimilation of the remaining vowel with “u” (see no. 11) may assume the form of dor (darun > dorun > doru > dor).
Morphology, Grammatical Categories, Syntactic Elements
Nouns and Adjectives
- 1. There is only one plural marker that can be added to all nouns (whether denoting an animate or inanimate object): -â (< -hâ), cf. borârâ-“brothers,” sanadâ-“documents.”
- 2. The ezâfe (-e/-ẹ/-ι/-ə) that serves to link syntactically related nouns or related nouns and pronouns or adjectives together in an attributive or possessive construction can often be dropped: tanxâ šâgerd-“an apprentice's salary,” pιyar mə-“my father.” If the ezâfe is followed by a demonstrative or third-pers. pronoun (singular or plural), the preposition az may intervene between the ezâfe and the pronoun (as generally in Afghan Persian dialects). This, however, does not preclude the occasional dropping of the ezâfe: mirom rad-e az inâ-“I am going after them,” or du bače-ye mâstani az u goftak…-“both his favorite sons said….”
- 3. The indefinite enclitic -i/-ê/-ệ added to nouns and adjectives in combination with the numeral yak/yεk or also without the latter is in active use (unlike Afghan Persian dialects in general and Tajiki dialects): mâ ko âdam ġarib-i-om-“after all, I [lit. we] am a poor man”; xub yak âdam-ι molâyem-i didom-“I thought [him] a nice, gentle person.”