| Chapter : | Brief Introduction to the Herati Dialect |
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- 17. The “split-verbs” are widely used in Herati (as generally in Afghan Persian). This definition is applied to a limited number of compound verbs whose first components (corresponding to the nonverbal elements of normal compound verbs) are stems and participles of respective simple verbs: hamə gorix (< gorixt) kadan-“they all scattered” (gorix kadan, cf. gorixtan), i xat-ε doxtarkε neweštε kadε go…-“having written this letter the girl said…” (neweštε kadan, cf. neweštan, see also Phonology no. 15d).
Prepositions and a Pre-postposition
- 18. As generally in Persian and Afghan Persian, there are three basic categories of prepositions: simple, compound, and those that take their complement through the ezâfe (the latter may be preceded by a simple preposition, mostly by bε/bə/bo). Some prepositions merit special notice: xod-e/xodê/xod-“with,” tay-ye/tey-ye-“into, to,” tat-e-“inside,” minkâl-e-“in the middle of,” čab/čab a(z)-“except,” keft-e-“following,” bə jâte-ye “instead,” a (< az) moxtən-e/a moxten-ι-“for the sake/reason of.” The first one is widely used in different phonetic variants in Persian dialects of Central and Eastern Iran (its origin, despite an interesting hypothesis on this matter, is unclear). The preposition tay-ye/tey-ye seems to be the local variant of the tu-ye commonly used in modern colloquial Persian (but not in Afghan Persian). It expresses the whole range of meanings implied by the tu-ye. Minkâl-e is derived from minkâl (< myân + -ak + -âl [Farhâdi 1955, 66])-“middle, inside.” The preposition keft-e is obviously from keft-“shoulder, back,” while čab is most likely from čap-“the left side.” The origin of the rest of these prepositions is unclear or uncertain.