student-centered, xxvi, xxxiii, 4, 6, 15, 27–30, 32, 41, 44, 49, 55, 59, 86, 88, 90, 92–93, 97, 125, 134, 142–144, 181

student teaching, xxix, xxxii–xxxiii, xxxv, xxxvii–xlii, 6, 12–13, 40, 47–48, 50–51, 53–54, 60–61, 66, 68, 70–74, 76–77, 79–81, 96, 101, 103, 105–106, 108, 110, 113–115, 118, 120, 122–125, 130–133, 137–142, 145–146, 182

teacher-centered, 15, 29, 41, 58, 90–91, 93, 133–134, 144

technology. See.also Science, Technology, and Society., 27, 40–42, 149–150, 155#8211;156

textbooks, 18–19, 31, 33, 134, 185

theory, theories, xxxii, xxxiii, 31, 34, 36–38, 40, 59, 122, 152, 154, 168, 177, 179, 184, 188

observational, 37

personal, xxii, xxvi, 27, 34, 38, 42, 73, 88, 134, 140, 149, 151–152, 167, 179

time, xxvi–xxviii, xxx, xxxiii, xxxv, xxxviii–xliii, 1–2, 8, 11–12, 23–24, 30, 32–34, 37–39, 44, 48–49, 51–52, 56, 60–61, 63–65, 68, 73, 77, 79, 86–88, 91, 94, 96–97, 99, 101–103, 106, 118–119, 123–128, 130–131, 138–140, 142, 147, 151, 155, 157–160, 168

transcription, xl, 65–66

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), 14, 144

traditional teaching. See.also cookbook lesson., xxvii, 84, 88, 128–130, 142

didactic, xxvi, 4, 11, 168

disseminate, 31

Tukey post-hoc comparison, 68, 77–78, 80–81, 105, 107–108, 120

units, 32, 43, 64–65, 87, 89–90, 137

University of Iowa, The, xxiv, xxxix, 1, 6, 9, 12, 40–41, 43, 45, 47–51, 56, 60, 63, 75, 85, 117–118, 127, 130, 134–135, 141, 146, 172, 181–182, 184, 187

videotape, xxxvi–xxxvii, xli, 1–2, 12, 14, 53–54, 58, 60, 115, 128, 134, 140, 142–143, 151

vision statement (VS), xxxviii, 13, 53, 56, 59, 66, 68, 73, 108–109, 120, 129, 136, 152, 167, 170–171

whole-class, 34–35

Yager, Robert, 4, 18, 28, 32, 41–42, 125–126