1. Jean Vanier, From Brokenness to Community (New York: Paulist Press, 1992), 27–28.

2. See, for example, Anne Escrader, “The Pedagogy of L’Arche: A School for the Heart” (Master's thesis, University of Western Ontario, 2002); Dana R. V. Mellis, “Toward a Theology of Covenant in Jean Vanier and L’Arche: the Imago Dei and Persons with Mental Disabilities” (PhD diss., St. Louis University, 2001); Beth Porter, “L’Arche Daybreak: An Example of Interfaith Ministry Among People with Developmental Disabilities,” Journal of Pastoral Care 52, no. 2 (1998): 157–165; Jean-Claude Bazinet, “Communal Journeys: A Phenomenological Inquiry into the Experience of Living and Working in L’Arche” (Master's thesis, University of British Columbia, 1995); Brett Webb-Mitchell, “L’Arche: An Ethnographic Study of Persons With Disabilities Living in a Community With Non-Disabled People” (PhD diss., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1988); John Charles Sumarah, “The Therapy of L’Arche: A Model of Shared Living” (EdD diss., University of Toronto, Canada, 1984); Michael Downey, “An Investigation of the Concept of Person in the Spirituality of L’Arche as Developed in the Writings of Jean Vanier” (PhD diss., The Catholic University of America, 1982).

3. Several previous studies of transformation in L’Arche have been undertaken with a focus on the assistants or caregivers. See Anne Escrader, “A Contemplative Approach to Understanding Transformative Learning as Experienced at L’Arche” (PhD diss., University of Western Ontario, 2008); Pamela Cushing, “Shaping the Moral Imagination of Caregivers: Disability, Difference & Inequality in L’Arche” (PhD diss., McMaster University, 2003); Pamela Cushing and Tanya Lewis, “Negotiating Mutuality and Agency in Care-giving Relationships with Women with Intellectual Disability,” Hypatia Journal of Feminist Philosophy 17 (2002): 137–160; Donna Marie Forster, “Jean Vanier and the Transformational Model of Rehabilitation: Principles of Care for Concerned Professionals” (PhD diss., Queens University, 2007); Kevin Reimer, Living L’Arche: Stories of Compassion, Love and Disability (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2009).