avant-garde, 2, 11–12, 15, 67, 69, 96, 231–232, 278, 281–282, 284, 287, 289

Beck, Ulrich, 9, 11–12

Benjamin, Walter, 193, 274

Bian Pingshan, 64, 67

brush and ink painting, 13, 15, 21–22, 67, 91, 96, 118–119, 171, 171, 220, 352

Buddhist art, 125, 275

Cai Jia, 63

Cai Weilian, 172

Cai Yuanpei, 5, 62, 172

calligraphy, 33, 44n1, 65, 69, 109, 148, 155–165, 277, 361, 371–372, 378, 380, 382, 384n1

carving, 76, 182, 197–205, 212–215, 218–220, 253, 361

Chen Duxiu, 6, 62, 94

Chen Shouxiang, 63–66

Chen Weiya, 334

Chen Yifei, 95

Cheng Jiasui, 39

Chinese Communist Party, 7, 98, 296, 367, 385n8

Chinese national culture, 118, 170, 170, 187

commodity culture, 108, 120, 183, 247, 275–276, 318

Confucianism, 6–7, 48

consumer culture, 275, 354

consumerism, 8, 150, 178, 247, 307, 307, 312

Cosplay, 286

Cultural Revolution, 7, 187, 199, 225–226, 232, 244, 265, 284, 287, 298, 300, 318, 333–334, 350, 361, 366–370, 375, 381

Dai Alian, 332–334, 337–338

Dai Benxiao, 39

Dai Xi, 53, 63

Daoism, 48, 93

Daoist, 21, 48–51, 54, 108, 265, 363–364

Deng Bai, 174

Deng Xiaoping, 7–8, 128

digital technology, 252, 280, 360

Dong Qichang, 35

Dong Xiwen, 95

Dong Yuan, 33

embroidery, 212, 215, 217–218, 220–221

Engels, Frederick, 112

Fang Ganmin, 172

Fang Jun, 66

Fang Lijun, 12, 95–96, 98, 288

Fang Shiyu, 39

Fei Xiaotong, 290

Feng Zikai, 172

Four Olds, 7–8, 338, 350, 369

furniture, 75, 200, 212, 241–244, 246, 249, 252–253