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1. Using extensive case studies, Guha (1997) highlighted the relevance, usefulness, and power of these forms of citizen activism and protest in India. Nonviolent direct action is a vital plank of India’s environmental movement, aided and abetted by a sympathetic media and the people’s creative use of the wider political and legal system. For a more extensive discussion of this issue, see Guha (1997). See also Foweraker (1995) for examples from Latin America.

2. See, for example, the Commonwealth Foundation’s 2001 Citizens and Governance: Regional Perspectives, which outlines the findings of a large-scale book done with ordinary citizens in 47 countries throughout the commonwealth. Citizens gave their views on what constitutes a good society and what roles are best played by citizens and the state. Refer to the section of the report on the Caribbean, pp. 43–54. A more theoretical perspective on this subject is provided by Amitai Etzioni in his 1995 work entitled Rights and the Common Good Refer to chapter 1, “The Elements of a Good Society,” pp. 3–33.