Block, J., 2

Booth, C., 12

Borquez, H., 161

Boucher, D., 162

Boylan, P. C., 37–38, 104

breastfeeding

cesarean and, 118

opiates and, 34

Britain, 158

Brown, H. C., 37, 117–118

Campbell, O. M., 20

Canada, 116, 158

cancer, 47, 71

cardiotocography, 35

Carlton, T., 98

Carroli, G., 39

Carter, F. A., 92, 118

catheter, 3, 72

Caton, D., 70

Caughey, A. B., 9, 31, 40

CDC. See United States Centers for Disease Control

cervix, 6, 106

cesarean

emergency, defined, 7

ideal rate, 138n1

labored, defined, 7

mortality and, 8

planned, defined, 8

surgical procedure, 116–117

cesarean on maternal demand (CDMR), 119

c-section. See cesarean.

Chang, K. Y., 98

childbirth

approach, defined, 16

home birth, costs, 29

childbirth (continued)

home birth, statistics and safety, 157–161

hospital birth, percentages in U.S., 4

instrumental, defined, 40

mode, 21

mode, defined, 23

natural, defined, 50

out-of-hospital, rates of, 157

pathways, defined, 20–21

vaginal birth, risks, 117–118

chloroform, 70

Chourasia, V. F., 35

Christiaens, W., 13, 192

Cicchetti, D., 4

Clark, S. L., 8, 39, 50, 120

Coco, A., 36

Cohen, J., 70, 96

Colb, S. F., 10

Collis, R. E., 72

conception, 19–20

Cone, T. E., 46

contractions

analgesia and, 6

induction and, 7

pain and, 71

cost

home birth, 29, 164

cesarean, 118

credentialing, midwifery, 158

Crowe, K., 4

combined spinal epidural (CSE). See analgesia, combined spinal epidural

Cunningham, F., 116–118, 124

Cunningham, F. G., 140, 142, 152

Curtin, S. D., 47