, 171

monolingualism, 44, 147, 164, 166

mother tongue, 139, 172–173

multiculturalism, 40, 44–45, 56, 70, 111–112, 140, 150–151, 168–169, 171, 173–175, 177, 181–184, 188, 190–196, 198, 201, 205–207

multiethnic, 171, 174, 195

multilingualism, 40, 44–45, 89, 111–112, 150–151, 169–170, 175–176, 208–211

multiracialism, 45, 70, 167, 169, 171–176, 181–184, 190, 194–195, 197, 207–212, 214

myth, 11–12, 17–18, 23–24, 28–29, 46, 67, 112, 131, 135, 147–152, 166, 187, 202, 214, 217

Nanyang, 3–6, 8, 31, 40–41, 45, 47, 61, 68, 72, 83–88, 101–102, 216, 218

nation, 7, 9–12, 14, 18, 35, 38, 48–49, 67, 69, 90, 97, 120, 141, 168, 171, 173–175, 177, 181–185, 189, 194, 197–198, 207, 209

National Institute of Dramatic Arts, The (NIDA), 170

National literature, 137

negotiation, 4, 18–19, 25, 35, 37, 125, 147, 218

network, 29–31, 36, 39–42, 201, 215

Ng Kim Chew, 3, 119–121, 162–166

Nonini, Donald M., 18, 38, 47, 50, 52

normativities, 9

nostalgia, 17, 34, 39, 83, 97, 100, 119–120, 123–125, 142, 144, 149

Ong, Aihwa, 3, 18, 23–24, 28, 38, 47, 50

Ong Siang Song, 86

open culture, 45, 167, 169, 182–186, 188–190, 196, 204, 206–212, 214

overseas Chinese, 2, 4, 7, 12, 14–17, 19–22, 27–29, 36, 47, 50–52, 68, 82–84, 87–88, 91, 103, 107, 114, 120, 122, 138–140, 158, 209, 216

overseas Chinese studies, 15–17, 36, 47, 51

Pan, Lynn, 7, 47, 209

People’s Action Party, The, 171

Peranakan, 19, 50, 55, 58, 83–84, 86–87, 103

Percival, Arthur, 59–60

Plato, 106

Lysis, 77–78

Pound, Ezra, 37

postcolonial, 4, 68, 102, 171, 174, 194, 210

Pratt, Mary Louise, 200, 213

Purcell, Victor, 60–61, 86, 104, 108

Quah Sy Ren, 3, 210

race, 7–12, 19, 24, 32, 48, 56, 120, 130, 135, 173, 178, 182, 184, 188, 204

Raffles, Stamford, 6, 47

Sartre

Nausea, 145, 151

settler, 28–29, 32, 36, 38, 83, 146

Shang Wanyun, 113

Shih, Shu-mei, 3, 5, 28–35, 51–52, 209, 215–217, 219

Sir Shenton Thomas, 59

Singapore, 2–4, 6, 24, 27, 32, 40–41, 43, 45, 47–51, 55, 57, 59–63, 67–68, 80–81, 86–87, 103–105, 107–109, 115, 168–177, 181–185, 188–190, 194–195, 197, 206–207