| Chapter 1: | Study One: Introduction / Overview of Study Goals |
Highly related words are presented as a block together within a list of terms. This unitization was displayed when highly associated words were placed at both the middle and end of a list; however, higher unitization of terms was displayed when associated words were placed at the end of a list.
The levels of processing approach is another alternative to the multi-store memory view (Lachman, et al., 1979). Craik and Lockhart (1972) have supported a levels of processing approach in which information processing is presented as a hierarchy of stages. They suggest thatdepth of processingcan aid learning. The depth that they refer to is the focus of semantic and cognitive analysis used to process newly acquired information.
The preceding discussion is not meant to provide a history of memory models, but instead it should serve as a brief background review of some of the research on memory. Certainly there are many other models and theories that have been proposed including Morton’s (1970) Logogen model, Murdock’s (1972) Finite-State Decision Model, Murdock’s (1982, 1999) Theory of Distributed Associative Memory (TODAM), the Linear Association Model (LAM), Spreading-Activation theory, MINERVA2, the Composite Holographic Associative Recall Model (CHARM), the Resonance-Retrieval Model (see Murdock, 1999 for a description and full citation of the five preceding models / theories), the Array Model, MINERVA, Matched Filters, Matrix, and Resonance (see Estes, 1999 for a description and full citation of the five preceding models / theories). The important point to consider is that many of the multi-store models promote the basic memory processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval. But, as stipulated by alternative approaches (i.e., depth of processing) it is important to consider the cognitive process of meaning making.
In her Limited Capacity Model, Lang (2000) took much of this prior research into consideration when constructing this model that addresses the processing of mediated messages.