acute respiratory infection, 19, 22, 54, 58, 94, 198, 208, 216

agriculture

labor-intensive, 10

draught-animal, 11

rice cultivation, 10, 21

wheat cultivation, 10

amniocentesis, 2, 16

Andhra Pradesh, 17, 70, 109, 246–247

Aryan, 11–12, 17, 42–43, 68, 86, 180–181, 262–264

births. See wanted births

birth order, 17, 20, 22–23, 30–31, 42, 60, 62, 87, 91, 93–94, 96–98, 105–106, 112–115, 143, 146, 149, 153, 156, 159, 164–165, 167, 170, 177, 179, 192–193, 199–200, 211, 214, 217–219, 230

breastfeeding, 22

capabilities, 33–36, 42

caste, 11–12, 26

scheduled, 15, 64, 78, 106, 115, 163, 180, 201, 219, 234

causal modeling, 4, 7, 13–14, 242

census, 2, 9–10, 21, 249–250

China, 8, 24, 49

one-child policy, 27–29

Christian, 15, 64–65, 69, 77, 80, 83, 99, 106–107, 115–116, 142, 144, 154, 163, 165, 180, 182, 194, 201–202, 212, 219–220, 231, 234

demographic transition, 9, 25, 28

diarrheal disease, 19, 22, 30, 54, 58, 94, 198, 208, 216

differential stopping behavior, 14–15, 34, 43, 64, 76

dowry, 11, 26, 34

Dravidian, 12, 68, 86, 181, 265–266

educational attainment

father’s, 42, 53, 69, 87, 192, 215, 221

mother’s, 12–13, 15, 18, 20, 31, 79, 82–83, 88, 197

parents’, 26, 43, 78, 107, 122, 142, 158, 163, 180, 201, 214, 219, 235

electricity, 44, 70, 110, 124, 187, 204, 225

entitlements, 33–36

exogamy, 21, 26, 42, 68–69, 87, 107, 222

female literacy. See education

family-building strategy, 15, 20, 22, 28–29

Harris, Marvin, 11

hepatitis, 8