“national security areas,”, 15

neighborhood associationsand the environment, 58, 59

support by, 85

Niemeyer, Oscar, 139

da Nóbrega, Manoel, 126, 156n1

nongovernmental agencies, 100, 101

North, Douglass, 40

O Estado de São Paulo,, 153

de Oliveira, Dennison, 79, 95, 115

Paraná Chamber of Commerce (ACP), 103

Paraná river system, 53

parks, wooded city, 51

Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT),, 111

Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro,, 59

Passaúna Park, 56

path dependence model, 6, 9, 30, 31n6, 143

Paulistanos, self-esteem of,, 17

pedestrian mall, 122n29

Peterson, Paul, 101

“physical bias” of urban planners, 90

PIA Ambiental (ECOS),, 62

Pinheiros river, 132, 133

Pitta, Celso (São Paulo Mayor), 4, 5, 145

planning commissions, 80, 81, 89

planning in São Paulo, 147–155

Plano Diretor de Curitiba. See Master Plan (1965)

PMDB (Brazilian Democratic Movement Party), 59

policy change, resistance to, 10

policy continuity in Curitiba, 164

policy-making by city, 73, 74

Pólis think tank, 140, 143, 159, 160n25

political commitment, 77–86

population growth, urban, 38, 39t

“predatory civic culture,”, 13

press, free, 22, 23

PROCON (Consumer Protection and Defense Foundation), 58

public entrepreneurs, 10, 13, 75, 77–86

public involvement in urban plan, 38, 39

public-private partnership, 101–104

public-private transportation sector disputes, 148, 149

public transportation. See mass transit

Putnam, Robert, 11, 13

Quadros, Jânio (São Paulo Mayor), 137

Rabinovitch, Jonas, 60, 85

real estate sector disputes, 106–108

recycling, 60

recycling benefits, 57

Rees, William, 27