academic discourse, xv, 18, 22, 31, 35, 42, 266

advantage of English, 212–213

ambiguous discourse, 11, 48, 197, 199

arguing, 194–195

authentic English, 213

authorial self, 40, 193–270

autobiographical self, 1–22, 40, 257

autoethnography, 1, 23, 45–60, 116, 136–137, 149, 268

being aware

of the different perceptions of aging, 236–237

of the importance of being independent, 241–243

of the world outside of Japan, 218–221

being confident about oneself as a woman, 237–241

big-D/small-d discourse, 126

borders, 49, 51, 74, 261

bullying, 2, 115, 172, 184, 221–222, 254

case study, 32, 54, 60

catalytic validity, 35, 55, 259

comparison, 137, 147, 223–224

Confucian/Socratic, 198, 221–222, 257

correct answer, 233–236

critical theory, 25, 26–29, 34

cultural expectations, 48, 197, 242, 259

cultural ideology, 148, 206–236

diary research, 61

discursive self, 26, 148, 257

drinking, 91, 96, 134, 185–186, 197, 263

femininity, 54, 101, 139, 153, 154–157, 167, 172

gender, 56, 61, 101, 150–157, 167–168, 250, 258

group thinking, 229–233

haiku, 19–20, 69–77, 258, 269, 271–273

harmony, 117, 119, 171, 181, 244

hierarchical bureaucracy, 228–229

hybrid design, 51

hybrid space, 244–247

identity and cultural ideology, 29–40

identity and writing, 40–45

ideology, 54, 148, 150–151, 206–208, 221–236

in-between spaces, 16–17, 57, 63, 77, 114, 142, 148, 168, 181, 265–266

investment, 31, 56, 264

kishoutenketsu,, xiii, 13, 14, 110, 200–202