List of Tables

x

List of Figures

xi

List of Appendices

xii

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

xvii

Chapter 1: Introduction

1

Goals of the Present Work Significance of Present Study to the Psychological Literature

9

Chapter 2: Asian American Identities: A Review

13

Defining the Terms: Race and Racial Identity, Panethnicity, Ethnicity, and Ethnic-specific Identity

13

Race and Racial Classifications

13

Race and Panethnicity

16

Distinguishing Racial and Panethnic Identity

17

Ethnicity and Ethnic-specific Identity

18

Who Are Asian Americans?

22

Ethnic-specific Identity in Asian Americans: Theory and Measurement Issues

27

Voluntary and Involuntary Immigration: Implications for Identity

37